Dylan Thomas' Early Life and Work

Cymraeg

                                                         

Dylan Thomas' roots lie deep in south west Wales - Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire - now known as Ceredigion. These are  counties to which he was irresistibly drawn throughout his life. He lived in many places in his short life including  London, Kent and Sussex, but returned to West Wales to produce his most compelling and memorable works - most notably Ceredigion where his various stays in New Quay and Talsarn were among the most productive of his writing career.

Thomas is remembered by most for his final play 'Under Milk Wood'. Started in New Quay and partially written at Southleigh near Oxford, then finally completed in New York minutes before its first public performance, 'Under Milk Wood' has stimulated a long-running debate as to which town is the model for 'Llareggub'. Local Author David Thomas notes that many of the characters (from New Quay) were written in long before Dylan Thomas ever visited Laugharne. He has clearly established a strong case for New Quay being the model for 'Llareggub' while the name 'Under Milk Wood'  is probably taken from the farm called 'Wernllaeth' where Dylan was taken by his good friend, the Aberaeron vet Tommy Herbert. Dylan and Caitlin's  daughter Aeronwy was named after the river Aeron which flows through the Aeron valley to Aberaeron , and about which Dylan said was: 'the most precious place in the world'.

Thomas' Grandfather was a guard 'Thomas the Guard' on the Great Western Railways and lived in Johnstown, on the edge of Carmarthen. His Father, David John Thomas, was educated at Aberystwyth University where he gained a first in English after winning a scholarship in1895. He later became a senior English Master at Swansea Grammar School where he is remembered as being strict and blessed with a deep and sonorous speaking voice. D. J. Thomas wanted to be a poet, and felt that teaching was very much a waste of his talents. In her book 'Caitlin', Dylan's wife describes him as : '..the most unhappy man I have ever met and it showed in his face. He was unhappy with his life. It was exactly the kind of life that he had hoped not to have, and by the end he could feel himself sinking back into the very existence he had sought to escape'. Dylan's  Mother was Florence Hannah Williams - born  on the Llanstephan peninsula just across the water from Laugharne where her son and his wife were to live later. 

Dylan Marlais Thomas was born on October 27, 1914, in the upstairs front bedroom of his parents newly built house at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive,  Swansea. Behind the house ran an alley and across the road  was Cwmdonkin Park.

The name Dylan is taken from the "Mabinogion", a collection of  mediaeval Welsh stories.  His middle name Marlais is the name of a stream near the birthplace of his great uncle, the Preacher and Bard Gwylim  Marles  Thomas. The Rev Thomas ministered to the Unitarian Chapel at Llwyn Rhydowen near Llandyssul  from 1860. 

 

Dylan is said to have been inspired by the leafy glades and shady paths of Cwmdonkin park. In his radio broadcast ‘Reminiscences of Childhood’ he speaks about the importance of the park and its significance in his early life. He describes it as:...."A world within the world of the sea town full of terrors and treasures a country just born and always changing and that park grew up with me.In that small, iron-railed universe of rockery, gravel-path, playbank, bowling-green, bandstand reservoir, chrysanthemum garden, ....in the grass one must keep off, I endured, with pleasure, the first agonies of unrequited love, the first slow boiling in the belly of a bad poem, the strutting and raven-locked self-dramatization of what, at that time seemed incurable adolescence."

He also wrote, 'The Hunchback in the Park' about a character observed there in his youth. Two of the seven verses are below.

The Hunchback in the park
A solitary mister
Propped between trees and water
From the opening of the garden lock
Until the Sunday sombre bell at dark

 

Eating bread from a newspaper
Drinking water from the chained cup
That the children filled with gravel
In the fountain basin where I sailed my ship
Slept at night in a dog kennel
But nobody chained him up.

The fountain is still there in the park (left). But the chained tin drinking cup is now long gone.


Thomas'  summer holidays as a child  were  at the Carmarthenshire dairy farm of his mother's sister, Ann Jones, and her husband, Jim at Llangain
. The Farm 'Fern Hill'  - see photo on right  - was the subject of the poem of the same name. Without doubt these were pleasant times, for as he writes:

'And as I was green and carefree, famous among the barns
About the happy yard and singing as the farm was home,
In the sun that is young once only,
Time let me play and be
Golden in the mercy of his means,